Slitherine

1 Turn in game - what is the time?
I noticed that first few Turns in game 1 Turn - 1 week, and then 1 Turn- 2 weeks.
Why is that?

This is to allow all the historic actions that took place in a very short amount of time to fit into turns. There was a lot happening from July to August in 1914 so if turns would cover 2 weeks from the beginning we'd have fewer turns to play out Austria getting ready for war and attacking Serbia and Germany invading Belgium.

I want to find a separate window with events in game and text. Or make a screen. Is it possible?

I'm not sure what you are looking for.
Are you searching for a list of all the events that happened in the game? Sorry, there is no such thing.

Yes, English is simply not my native language, and I cannot read and understand everything without translation.
I don't even understand how to make a screen.

A screenshot? That's simple if you have a "normal" keyboard press the "print screen" key, that is right to F12.
You can then for example open Windows Paint and press CTRL + V to insert the screenshot.

CTRL+P: Take screenshot, saved in the “My Documents\My Games\Commander The Great War” folder (PNG file format)